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f_ck

-

characteristic compressive strength of concrete

f_cd

-

design compressive strength of concrete

f_ctk

-

characteristic tensile strength of concrete

f_ctd

-

design tensile strength of concrete

f_yk

-

characteristic tensile strength of steel bar

f_yd

-

Bemessungsfestigkeit von Stahl

f_ctm

-

mean tensile strength of steel bar

where:

α_cc = 1

α_ct = 1

γ_c = 1.5

-

for reinforced concrete structures

γ_c = 1.8

-

for concrete strustures

where:

b

-

cross-section width

h

-

cross-section depth

d

-

effective depth of cross-section

z

-

lever arm (arm of internal forces)